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Research Corner

A note from Sima, CCN's Post-Doctoral Research Fellow

Hi, CCN community! I'm excited to introduce a new website feature we're calling the "Research Corner." This initiative is designed to spotlight scholarly articles, books, and professional reports relevant to the field. 

Our focus is on student reporting programs, primarily university led reporting programs, called News/Academic Partnerships (Salahi and Smith, 2021) but we also include student media and studies on the student reporters' experiences and connections to news deserts, jobs and the local news ecosystem. We believe these themes are deeply interconnected, influencing and shaping each other in several important ways. For example, university-led student reporting programs serve as training grounds for future journalists while also filling gaps in local news coverage. In areas where professional newsrooms are unable to serve their community, particularly in news deserts (communities with limited or no local news outlets), student reporting programs can provide vital coverage. 

In this process educators play a vital role in shaping and managing the programs. On the contrary, students participating in these programs are shaped by both the opportunities and challenges they face. This integration benefits both the communities that lack local news coverage and the students who gain practical journalism experience. Here Iā€™ve highlighted some of the key "takeaway" points from the research while also a brief summary or excerpt, along with an article ID.

Our goal is to provide one place to showcase the latest research in the field ā€“ so please send me any articles or reports you think we should we include!

Sima Bhowmik, PhD. Post-Doctoral Research Fellow

UNIVERSITY-LED REPORTING PROGRAMS

Examining Gaps in Journalism Curriculum to Solve the News Desert Crisis
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Finneman, Heckman, and Wolgastā€™s (2024) exploratory study uses semi-structured, in-depth interviews with journalism educators from universities in Europe, Australia, North America, and the South Pacific to examine their perspectives on addressing the local news crisis and news deserts. The data reveals educators' frustration with their limited capacity to tackle these issues. Some sought guidance on effectively engaging students with local news challenges, while others struggled with increasing workloads, reduced resources, and the ongoing pressure to attract students to their programs.

Finneman, T., Heckman, M., & Wolgast, S. (2024). Examining Gaps in Journalism Curriculum to Solve the News Desert Crisis. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 79(1), 23-37.

University-Led Statehouse Student Reporting Programs
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This report from the Center for Community News at ¶¶ŅõĢ½Ģ½ explores university- and college-led statehouse reporting initiatives. Through in-depth interviews with 20 managers, faculty, and editors, the findings show that in 2022, around 250 student reporters in these programs produced over 1,000 stories, which were distributed to more than 1,200 media outlets across 17 states. To combat news deserts and highlight the significance of state-level legislative coverage, the report recommends that more institutions establish similar programs to provide both valuable student experience and legislative content to media platforms.

Gamard, S., Watts, R., Sheftman, E., & Kirkpatrick, H. University-Led Statehouse Student Reporting Programs.

View report (PDF)

Canadian Journalism Programsā€™ Response to Local News Poverty: The Challenges of Doing More
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Haney and Paskey (2020) used survey and focus groups with faculty from 22 Canadian post-secondary journalism programs to examine how educators are addressing news deserts, referred to as "news poverty," in Canada. While the data revealed strong faculty interest in increasing local news contributions by journalism students, participants also highlighted the practical, economic, and pedagogical challenges involved in expanding these efforts.

Haney, S., & Paskey, J. (2020). Canadian journalism programsā€™ response to local news poverty: The challenges of doing more. Canadian Journal of Communication. 

Faculty-Led Student Reporting Laboratories: Challenges and Opportunities
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LoMonte (2019) explores the challenges and opportunities of faculty-led student reporting laboratories, where journalism students produce real-world news content under faculty supervision. The report highlights key benefits, including hands-on experience for students and valuable content production for local news outlets. However, it also addresses challenges such as balancing academic and professional expectations, ensuring editorial independence, and navigating resource constraints. LoMonte suggests that while these programs offer great potential for addressing gaps in local journalism, they require careful management to maintain quality, sustainability, and educational value.

LoMonte, F. D. (2019). Faculty-Led Student Reporting Laboratories: Challenges and Opportunities. Academic Track Reader, 111.

College and University Journalism Education
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Mensing (2019) provides an overview of journalism education in colleges and universities, discussing its evolution, current trends, and challenges. The study highlights how journalism programs have adapted to changes in the media industry, such as digitalization, by incorporating multimedia skills and new technologies into curricula. It also examines the ongoing debate over the balance between theoretical knowledge and practical skills in journalism education. The article underscores the importance of preparing students for a rapidly changing media landscape while maintaining the core principles of journalistic integrity and ethics.

Mensing, D. (2019). College and university journalism education. The international encyclopedia of journalism studies, 1-10.

Inclusive Work-Integrated Learning in Journalism Education: A Wise Practice Framework
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In her 2019 article, "Inclusive Work-Integrated Learning in Journalism Education: A Wise Practice Framework," Fiona Valencia-Forrester presents a framework aimed at enhancing inclusivity in journalism education through work-integrated learning (WIL). She explores how WIL programs can address diversity and equity challenges by providing opportunities for underrepresented students in journalism. The framework emphasizes creating supportive environments where students gain real-world experience while being mindful of inclusion, access, and fairness. Valencia-Forrester argues that integrating these wise practices into WIL helps foster a more diverse and equitable journalism industry.

Valencia-Forrester, F. (2019). Inclusive Work-Integrated Learning in journalism Education: A Wise Practice Framework. Australia: School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science Griffith University.

Models of Work-Integrated Learning in Journalism Education
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After presenting a framework, in her 2020 study, "Models of Work-Integrated Learning in Journalism Education," Fiona Valencia-Forrester explores various approaches to incorporating work-integrated learning (WIL) into journalism programs. The study identifies different models, such as internships, simulated newsrooms, and partnerships with media organizations, and examines their effectiveness in providing practical experience to journalism students. Valencia-Forrester highlights the importance of WIL in preparing students for the rapidly changing media landscape, while also addressing the need for inclusivity and accessibility in these programs. The research underscores WIL as a critical tool for bridging the gap between journalism education and industry demands.

Valencia-Forrester, F. (2020). Models of work-integrated learning in journalism education. Journalism Studies, 21(5), 697-712.

The Contribution of Journalistic Knowledge to Studentsā€™ Skills in Writing News: A Study of Correlational Analysis
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In their 2023 study, "The Contribution of Journalistic Knowledge to Studentsā€™ Skills in Writing News: A Study of Correlational Analysis," Wismanto, Asropah, and Arifin explore the relationship between studentsā€™ understanding of journalistic principles and their ability to write effective news stories. The study uses correlational analysis to demonstrate that students with a stronger foundation in journalistic knowledgeā€”such as understanding news values, structure, and ethicsā€”tend to exhibit better news-writing skills. The research highlights the importance of comprehensive journalism education in developing students' writing capabilities and preparing them for professional news writing. The findings suggest that enhancing journalistic knowledge can directly improve the quality of studentsā€™ news output.

Wismanto, A., Asropah, A., & Arifin, Z. (2023). The Contribution of Journalistic Knowledge to Studentsā€™ Skills in Writing News: A Study of Correlational Analysis. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 11(4), 774-785.

Practices of Objectivity Formation in Journalism Education
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In this article, Ljungdalh (2024) examines how objectivity is cultivated in journalism education through in-depth interviews with teachers and students, as well as classroom observations. The findings reveal that student reporters frequently rely on experts to ensure their news stories are grounded in objective knowledge. The researcher recommends that educators incorporate classroom discussions to enhance students' reasoning skills and their ability to consider multiple perspectives, helping them recognize the diverse interests of various stakeholders.

Ljungdalh, A. K. (2024). Practices of objectivity formation in journalism education. Journalism, 14648849241274678.

Real-World Learning of Public Affairs and Environmental Journalism: Two Models
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Freedman and Poulson (2015) examine two experiential learning models, one is a partnership between a journalism program and a professional news outlet, while the other involves student-produced multimedia reports in collaboration with a state agency. Through this examination, the authors explore how these models offer students opportunities to apply classroom knowledge to real-world settings, enhancing their understanding of journalism's societal roles and the complexities of reporting on public affairs and environmental issues. By comparing these models, Freedman and Poulson advocate for innovative approaches that connect academic learning with industry practices, particularly in specialized reporting domains.

Freedman, E., & Poulson, D. (2015). Real-world learning of public affairs and environmental journalism: Two models. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 70(2), 187-196.

The Potential for Public Impact in a J Departmentā€™s Local Information Ecosystem: Key Ingredients for Starting a Journalism Teaching Hospital
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Scaccia (2023) explores the concept of a journalism teaching hospital and its potential to enhance the local information ecosystem while providing impactful journalism education. The study identifies four key components: 1) strong institutional support and leadership within journalism departments, 2) sustainable funding sources to maintain operations, 3) partnerships with local media and community organizations to ensure relevance and reach and 4) a curriculum that emphasizes both technical skills and civic engagement to establish such a model, which integrates academic learning with community-oriented journalism practices. 

Scaccia, J. (2023). The Potential for Public Impact in a J Departmentā€™s Local Information Ecosystem: Key Ingredients for Starting a Journalism Teaching Hospital. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 78(4), 383-400.

Newsroom-Classroom Hybrids at Universities: Student Labor and the Journalism Crisis
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Gunhild Ring Olsen's Newsroom-Classroom Hybrids at Universities (2020) explores innovative journalism education models that merge academic environments with professional newsroom practices. The book examines how these hybrids prepare students for the evolving media landscape by integrating experiential learning, collaboration with media organizations, and real-world reporting projects. In this book, Olsen highlights that these hybrid programs bridge the gap between theory and practice, offering students hands-on experience in producing journalism that serves public interest.

Olsen, G. R. (2020). Newsroom-classroom hybrids at universities: Student labor and the journalism crisis. Routledge.

All Together Now: Why the Future of Canadian Journalism Education Needs Collaboration ā€” and Lots of It
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Archie McLeanā€™s article (2023) argues that collaboration is essential for the future success of journalism education in Canada. McLean highlights the challenges facing journalism, including declining industry resources, technological shifts, and changing audience behaviors. He proposes that journalism schools can address these challenges through partnerships with media organizations, other academic disciplines, and community groups. 

McLean, A. (2023). All together now: Why the future of Canadian journalism education needs collaboration ā€” and lots of it. Facts and Frictions: Emerging Debates, Pedagogies and Practices in Contem porary Journalism 3(1), 81-85. doi: 10.22215/ff/v3.i1.09

Listening for The Echo: How Our Students Are Stepping Into, Embracing Community Journalism
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Bright's article explores the increasing involvement of journalism students in community journalism and its implications for their professional growth. The paper highlights how student journalists are developing critical reporting skills by engaging with local communities, addressing real-world issues, and building relationships with diverse populations. The author emphasizes the value of experiential learning in fostering a deeper understanding of the community's needs, showcasing the transformative impact of student-led reporting projects on both students and the communities they serve. The article argues for continued integration of community-focused work into journalism education to strengthen students' commitment to the public good.

Bright, A. (2022). Listening for The Echo: How Our Students Are Stepping Into, Embracing Community Journalism. Teaching Journalism & Mass Communication, 12(2), 77-80.

Going Digital, Not Dying Out: How Universities Are Uniquely Placed to Teach Digital Journalism Survival Skills
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Bucknell (2020) argues that journalism programs are critical for equipping students with the skills necessary to navigate the challenges of a digital-first media landscape. The article examines the evolving demands of the journalism industry, including technological proficiency, adaptability, and entrepreneurial mindset. Bucknell highlights how universities can uniquely prepare students through hands-on training, innovative curriculum design, and access to cutting-edge resources. The piece emphasizes the importance of fostering resilience, creativity, and critical thinking to ensure the next generation of journalists thrives in an ever-changing digital environment.

Bucknell, I. (2020). Going digital, not dying out: how universities are uniquely placed to teach digital journalism survival skills. Journalism Education, 9(1), 6-17.

STUDENT REPORTERS' EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTION

Collaborating Across Boundaries to Engage Journalism Students in Computational Thinking
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In this paper, Kim Pearson, Monisha Pulimood, and Diane Bates (2017) discuss an innovative interdisciplinary approach to teaching computational thinking to journalism students. The article details a collaboration between journalism, computer science, and sociology faculty to develop a curriculum that integrates data-driven storytelling and computational tools. The authors describe the benefits of this cross-disciplinary model, including enhanced critical thinking, improved digital literacy, and the ability to create impactful, data-rich journalism. They argue that such initiatives are essential for preparing students to thrive in a media landscape increasingly shaped by technology and data.

Pearson, K., Pulimood, M., & Bates, D. (2017). Collaborating across boundaries to engage journalism students in computational thinking. Teaching Journalism & Mass Communication, 7(1), 77.

Shifting Spaces: How Journalism Students Perceive their Training through the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Audette-Longo and Alexiou (2024) surveyed and interviewed journalism students in a Canadian post-secondary program to assess their views on remote learning. They found that remote learning diminished students' interest in the profession, as journalism relies on observation and close interaction with people. The authors suggest that incorporating in-field working experiences into journalism education would better engage students and enhance their learning.

Audette-Longo, T., & Alexiou, C. (2024). Shifting Spaces: How Journalism Students Perceive their Training through the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journalism Practice, 1-22.

Journalism Education in Post-Truth Era: Pedagogical Approaches Based on Indian Journalism Studentsā€™ Perception of Fake News
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Bhaskaran, Mishra and Nair (2019) employed a focus group study with journalism graduate students in an Indian university to understand their perception about fake news. The researchers recommend pedagogical approaches to focus on improving journalistic agency in students to deal with fake news situations.

Bhaskaran, H., Mishra, H., & Nair, P. (2019). Journalism education in post-truth era: Pedagogical approaches based on Indian journalism studentsā€™ perception of fake news. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 74(2), 158-170. 

Technology and Journalism: The Experience of Recent Graduates from Two Canadian Journalism Schools
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Bosley and Vallance-Jones (2022) conducted a survey on recent journalism and communication graduates of two Canadian journalism schools to examine their attitudes toward what constitutes useful technology in their field. The finding shows journalism students favored use of tools that could be applied to traditional tasks such as finding stories. On the other hand, communication students were more likely than journalists to perform tasks such as collecting and organizing data in a spreadsheet. The results raise questions about the appropriate mix of technological instruction in journalism curricula.  

Bosley, A., & Vallance-Jones, F. (2022). Technology and journalism: The experience of recent graduates from two Canadian journalism schools. Facts & Frictions: Emerging Debates, Pedagogies and Practices in Contemporary Journalism, 1(2), 1-26.

Teaching Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Journalism Students as Change Agents?
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Broersma and Singer (2022) conducted a three-year longitudinal survey, followed by interviews with journalism students, to examine how they engage with new technologies in their studies and their perceptions of journalistic innovation and entrepreneurial journalism. The findings reveal that students recognize journalism as being in flux, markedly different from a decade ago, and in need of ongoing change to stay relevant. However, they largely view these changes through a technological lens. Most students believe that acquiring the latest tech skills is essential. When asked to describe journalism innovation and entrepreneurial journalism, terms like ā€œsocial media,ā€ ā€œonline,ā€ ā€œtechnology,ā€ and ā€œdigitalā€ were most frequently cited. The interesting finding is, despite this focus on technology, students still consider traditional reporting, writing, editing skills, and ethical standards to be fundamental.

Broersma, M., & Singer, J. B. (2022). Teaching innovation and entrepreneurship: Journalism students as change agents?. In The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism (pp. 421-429). Routledge. Teaching Innovation and Entrepreneurship | 50 | v2 | Journalism Studen (taylorfrancis.com)

Why Be a Journalist? US Studentsā€™ Motivations and Role Conceptions in the New Age of Journalism
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Coleman, Lee, Yaschur, Meader, and McElroy (2018) conducted a focus group and survey to examine journalism studentsā€™ motivations for pursuing the major and their perceptions of journalistsā€™ roles. The study found that students view these roles and story selection differently from professionals. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that universities emphasize the positive impact journalism can have while recognizing the evolving role perceptions of emerging journalists. They suggested integrating blogging and social media across curricula and offering ethical guidance on navigating the new landscape, where journalists are active participants in public conversations.

Coleman, R., Lee, J. Y., Yaschur, C., Meader, A. P., & McElroy, K. (2018). Why be a journalist? US studentsā€™ motivations and role conceptions in the new age of journalism. Journalism, 19(6), 800-819. 

Reimagining Journalistic Roles: How Student Journalists Are Taking On the U.S. News Desert Crisis
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Finneman, Heckman, and Walck (2022) used case studies and examined three student-run online newspapers in the U.S. to investigate how student reporters perceive their roles as journalists compared to traditional professional norms. The study found that students prioritized journalismā€™s service-oriented and altruistic roles over the watchdog function typically emphasized by professional journalists and other student media.

Finneman, T., Heckman, M., & Walck (2022) Reimagining Journalistic Roles: How Student Journalists Are Taking On the U.S. News Desert Crisis, Journalism Studies, 23:3, 338-355, DOI: 10.1080/1461670X.2021.2023323 

What is Behind the Entrepreneurship Intention in Journalism? Entrepreneur Typologies Based on Student Perceptions
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LĆ³pez-Meri, Alonso-MuƱoz, and Casero-RipollĆ©s (2020) investigate the factors driving journalism students' intentions to pursue entrepreneurial ventures in the field. Using survey data, the authors identify different types of aspiring journalism entrepreneurs based on student perceptions. The study reveals that studentsā€™ entrepreneurial ambitions are influenced by their personal values, attitudes toward journalism's evolving landscape, and the opportunities for innovation in digital media. The findings underscore the need for journalism education to adapt, fostering entrepreneurial skills and mindsets to help students navigate and succeed in the changing media environment.

LĆ³pez-Meri, A., Alonso-MuƱoz, L., & Casero-RipollĆ©s, A. (2020). What is Behind the Entrepreneurship Intention in Journalism? Entrepreneur Typologies Based on Student Perceptions. Journalism Practice, 15(3), 402ā€“419. 

ā€˜I Can Say I Was a Journalist During a Global Pandemicā€™: Australian Studentsā€™ Experiences of a Newsroom in Lockdown
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In this article, the authors explore the experiences of Australian journalism students who worked in newsrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. The study examines the challenges and opportunities that arose as these students navigated a rapidly changing media landscape. It discusses how the students adapted to remote reporting, dealt with the pressures of covering a global crisis, and grappled with the limitations imposed by the lockdown. Many students reflected positively on the experience, noting that despite the difficulties, it provided them with unique insights into journalism during a major global event. The article also touches on the future implications for journalism education, suggesting that the skills learned during this period may influence how future journalists work in increasingly digital and remote environments.

McCarthy, B., Bird, D., Sherwood, M., & Zion, L. (2022). ā€˜I can say I was a journalist during a global pandemicā€™: Australian studentsā€™ experiences of a newsroom in lockdown. australian journalism review, 44(1), 83-99.  

The Pre-Socialization of Future Journalists: An Examination of Journalism Students' Professional Views in Seven Countries
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Mellado et al. (2013) investigate the professional values and attitudes of journalism students from seven different countries, offering insights into how future journalists perceive their roles before entering the profession. The study covers students in Chile, Spain, Brazil, Switzerland, Germany, Australia, and the United States. Key findings indicate that journalism students across these countries share certain core values, such as an emphasis on objectivity and a belief in journalism's role as a watchdog. However, there are also significant national differences. For instance, students in Latin American countries tend to emphasize journalism's advocacy role, whereas students in European countries prioritize impartiality and accuracy. The study reveals that these varying perspectives are shaped by local journalistic cultures, as well as by the specific nature of media systems in each country. The authors conclude that the pre-socialization process of journalism students plays a critical role in shaping their professional identities, which may impact the way they approach the profession in the future. The study also suggests the need for journalism education to acknowledge and address these differences in order to prepare students for the realities of a globalized media environment.

Mellado, C., Hanusch, F., Humanes, M. L., Roses, S., Pereira, F., Yez, L., ... & Wyss, V. (2013). The pre-socialization of future journalists: An examination of journalism students' professional views in seven countries. Journalism Studies, 14(6), 857-874. 

Education of Journalism Students and Their Perception of Journalistic Ethics
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Pavlovic (2022) examines how journalism students perceive journalistic ethics as part of their education. The study explores the students' understanding of key ethical principles, such as truthfulness, objectivity, and responsibility, and assesses how their education shapes these perceptions. Findings suggest that while students generally recognize the importance of ethics in journalism, their views are often influenced by practical challenges and the media environment they observe. The study highlights the need for stronger integration of ethical discussions in journalism curricula to better prepare students for real-world ethical dilemmas.

Pavlovic, D. (2022). Education of journalism students and their perception of journalistic ethics. Facta Universitatis, Series: Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education, 059-072.  

Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Journalism Studentsā€™ Interpretive Repertoires for a Changing Occupation
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In their 2020 paper, Singer and Broersma explore how journalism students interpret the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship in a rapidly evolving media landscape. The study examines students' attitudes toward the shifting nature of journalism, focusing on how they perceive the need for adaptability, creativity, and business skills alongside traditional journalistic values. Through interviews and surveys, the authors find that while students recognize the importance of innovation and entrepreneurial thinking, they often struggle to integrate these ideas with their views of journalism as a public service. The paper highlights the growing need for journalism education to balance these entrepreneurial skills with ethical and professional norms.

Singer, J. B., & Broersma, M. (2020). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Journalism studentsā€™ interpretive repertoires for a changing occupation. Journalism practice, 14(3), 319-338.

How Student Journalists Are Redefining the Media Industry
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In the Teen Vogue article "How Student Journalists Are Redefining the Media Industry" by R. Stauffer (2019), student journalists are highlighted as pivotal in shaping the future of journalism. The report discusses how these young journalists are breaking traditional boundaries, covering important social issues like climate change, racial justice, and political accountability. They bring fresh perspectives, often leading conversations around activism and reform. Their work is contributing to the evolution of media, particularly through digital platforms and independent reporting, which empowers their voices despite challenges like budget cuts and censorship in school settings.

Stauffer, R. 2019, December 31. How student journalists are redefining the media industry. Teen Vogue. 

Journalism Studentsā€™ Professional Identity in the Making: Implications for Education and Practice
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In the 2018 report "Journalism Studentsā€™ Professional Identity in the Making: Implications for Education and Practice" by Williams, Guglietti, and Haney, the authors examine how journalism students develop their professional identity during their education. The study focuses on the processes through which students adopt the norms, values, and practices of the journalism profession, shaped by both academic training and hands-on experiences. The findings suggest that the formation of a professional identity is influenced by students' engagement with real-world journalism, their interactions with industry professionals, and the challenges they face in navigating ethical and practical aspects of the field. The report emphasizes the need for journalism education to better support students in this identity-building process to prepare them for the realities of the industry.

Williams, A., Guglietti, M. V., & Haney, S. (2018). Journalism studentsā€™ professional identity in the making: Implications for education and practice. Journalism, 19(6), 820-836.